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10th Latin II - Archive

RESOURCE:  Perseus Project Latin Word Study Tool

This tool is more than an online dictionary.  Type the word into the "Get Info For: ___" field and hit "Go"  The result will give you the different possible translations for the word you entered, taking into account the ending.  It will also give you links to that word's entry in the Lewis & Short Latin dictionary.  Explore this tool, it is very useful!

Week of March 17th-20th:  Getting Ready for The Collect Project - Subordinate Purpose Clauses (from Lesson 44)

Adverbial clauses and relative clauses are both used to show purpose in Latin. 

Adverbial clauses of purpose identify the purpose of the main clause, while relative clauses of purpose identify the purpose of their antecedents. 

It is reasonable that the verb in purpose clauses is in the subjunctive form, as the purpose clause, by definition, expresses something that is desired or wished for.

When the verb in the principal clause is present, future, or future perfect (i.e., when that action hasn't been completed yet), the subjunctive in the subordinate clause is in the present tense.

When the verb in the principal clause is imperfect, perfect, or pluperfect (i.e., when the action was going on in the past or has already been completed), the subjunctive in the subordinate clause is in the imperfect tense.

In Latin sentences, these two types of purpose clause are easily differentiated, as the adverbial purpose clauses are introduced by "ut" or "ne," while the relative purpose clauses are introduced by a relative pronoun.

Adverbial clause of purpose: 

Pugnabamus [ut urbem defenderemus].  We were fighting [that we might defend the city]. 

The bracketed clause tells the purpose for which they were fighting.  Note that the subjunctive in the bracketed clause is in the imperfect tense, since the action of the main verb is in the imperfect tense.

Venient [ut te spectent]. They will come [that they might see you]. 

The bracketed clause tells the purpose for which they will come.  Note that the subjunctive in the bracketed clause is in the present tense, since the action of the main verb is in the future tense.

Relative clause of purpose:

Misit nuntios [qui regionis consuetudines cognoscerent]. He sent messengers [who were to learn the customs of the region]. 

The bracketed clause tells the purpose of the messengers.  Note that the subjunctive in the bracketed clause is in the imperfect tense, since the action of the main verb is in the perfect tense.

Libri scribuntur [quos legamus]. Books are written [which we may read]. 

The bracketed clause tells the purpose of the books.  Note that the subjunctive in the bracketed clause is in the present tense, since the action of the main verb is in the present tense.

Look at the Collect for the Feast of St. Joseph:

Sanctíssimæ Genetrícis tuæ Sponsi, quǽsumus, Dómine, méritis adiuvémur: ut, quod possibílitas nostra non óbtinet, eius nobis intercessióne donétur:

Find the subjunctives (there are subjunctives in both main and dependent clauses).  Can you translate?  Give it a try before you look it up in your missal!  How are the different subjunctive forms used in this short prayer?

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Week of March 23rd-27th: 

We'll continue working on Adverbial and Relative Purpose Clauses, and will start looking at Indirect Commands.

Remember learning about indirect statements?  We also called this "reported speech," commonly following "verbs of mind and mouth" (know, believe, suspect, say, report, etc.).  I know [him to be a good man], for example.  They said [her to be calling the sheep], etc.  The subjects in these bracketed clauses were put in the accusative case, and the verbs were put in the infinitive. 

EXTRA CREDIT OPPORTUNITY:

What might be an example of an indirect command?  What kind of verbs might indirect commands follow?  Why do you think the verbs in the clauses containing the indirect commands might be in the subjunctive mood?  (Tell me your thoughts for some extra credit!  Write them out on paper, or send them through this online form.)

We'll use the last 15 minutes of our class time on Thursday, March 26th to complete an online vocab quiz for Lessons 43 and 44 (Latin to English).  Continue studying those words!

Wednesday, March 25th:

Read and study the Collect from the Mass of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary:

Deus, qui de beátæ Maríæ Vírginis útero Verbum tuum, Angelo nuntiánte, carnem suscípere voluísti: præsta supplícibus tuis; ut, qui vere eam Genetrícem Dei crédimus, eius apud te intercessiónibus adiuvémur. 

Try to translate this yourself before looking it up.  What part of speech is "nuntiante"?  Find the subjunctive in this sentence.  We'll discuss this collect in our class on Thursday.

Thursday, March 26th:

Continuation of Adverbial and Relative Purpose Clauses, with a sentence translation for homework (see below).  Vocabulary Quiz for Lessons 43 and 44, to be taken by end of day on Friday, March 26th.

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Week of March 30th-April 3rd

Responsories to the Lessons of the First Nocturn of Holy Thursday.

The Lessons of the First Nocturn for each of the three days of Tenebrae are taken from the Lamentations of Jeremias, which describe the miserable state of Jerusalem, when, in punishment for her idolatry, her people were led captive into Babylon. (Taken from "The Liturgical Year," by Dom Guerenger, OSB). 

The mournful chant to which they are sung is probably the one used by the Jews themselves.

These Lamentations each end with the exhortation, “Jerusalem, Jerusalem, convertere ad Dominum Deum tuum,” and are followed by a Responsory.

TRANSLATE the following Responsory into English (Write your translations on a separate sheet of paper, or enter them on the online form here): 

The Responsory to the First Lesson of the First Nocturn from Tenebrae on Holy Thursday

R. In monte Olivéti orávit ad Patrem: Pater, si fíeri potest, tránseat a me calix iste:
* Spíritus quidem promptus est, caro autem infirma.
V. Vigiláte, et oráte, ut non intrétis in tentatiónem.
R. Spíritus quidem promptus est, caro autem infírma.

Answer the following questions:

1. Which verbs are in the subjunctive?
2. Tell the tense, person, number of each verb in the subjunctive.
3. Why are these verbs in the subjunctive? (i.e., what kind of subjunctives are the? Hortatory (see Lesson 43)? Are they in a result or purpose clause? Answer for each verb that is in the subjunctive.

(You may listen to a recording of this Responsory, sung by the St. Isidore choir, here.)

TRANSLATE the following Responsory into English (Write your translations on a separate sheet of paper, or enter them on the online form here):

The Responsory to the Second Lesson of the First Nocturn from Tenebrae on Holy Thursday

R. Trístis est ánima mea usque ad mortem: sústinete hic, et vigiláte mecum: nunc vidébitis turbam, quæ circúmdabit me:
* Vos fugam capiétis, et ego vadam immolári pro vobis.
V. Ecce appropínquat hora, et Fílius hóminis tradétur in manus peccatórum.
R. Vos fugam capiétis, et ego vadam immolári pro vobis.

Answer the following questions:

1. Analyze: "Nunc videbitis turbam, quae circumdabit me." (If you are using the online form for the assignment, explain what each word is doing in the sentence, tell how many clauses, etc.)
2. Comment on the use of the word "turbam."

(You may listen to a recording of this Responsory, sung by the St. Isidore choir, here.)

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Week of April 20th-24th

This week you have two tasks:

1. Choose Your Saint.

Decide which saint you'd like to write your collect about.  This could be one of your patron saints (first name, middle, confirmation saint, class patron, etc.), it could be one you've done for All Saints' Day, it could be one you like for whatever reason, it could be one you don't even know (yet) that you choose from a book of saints or a website with saint stories, etc.

2. Write your Collect.

Before our Zoom class on Wednesday, April 22nd, review the collects which we went over in our last class (here's a copy; a paper version was included in the pick-up materials that went home Monday, April 20th), and use your missal to look at other collects written specifically for individual saints.  Pay attention to those key elements that are in all of them (how they address God, how they relate to the saint's particular character or work in the church or strength or virtue, etc., how they ask for a grace relating to that particular character or work in the church or strength or virtue, etc.)  Pay particular attention to the use of subjunctives - some may have the hortatory subjunctive (the "Irish blessing" subjunctive), but they will all have the subjunctive in a subordinate purpose clause.  You'll need to have a purpose clause in your Latin Collect, so write your English version accordingly.

3. If you weren't able to make the last Zoom class where we talked about Collects and their form, you can watch that class here:  Latin II, April 8th

If you have your English version written before Wednesday's Zoom class, you can submit it here: Latin II Collect Project: My Collect in English

(You should at least have your saints chosen and be figuring out what you might write about by Wednesday's class.)

LATIN II Translation Homework:  Here's that online form, for those of you who would like to submit your two English to Latin sentences online.  DUE BY MONDAY's PICK-UP.

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Week of April 27th-May 1st

This week you will continue to work on your English Collects. 

You will finalize your word choices and determine what grammatical structures you will use in Latin to accurately convey the ideas you have expressed in English.  Remember that you need to turn in your English Collect by no later than Monday, April 27th.  Your drafts will be reviewed and returned to you with comments and further instructions.  You will need your English Collect in final form, ready to translate into Latin, by Monday, May 4th

We will also look at some scary Latin forms in Lesson 46 this week, continuing your work with subjunctives in dependent clauses. 

Complete the Lesson Facts, Drill I, and the first 4 sentences of Drill II.  You may translate a sentence in Drill III for extra credit.

Paper copies of the workbook pages for Lesson 46 were placed in your mailboxes for pick-up on Monday, April 27th.

The digital version is available here for download and printing. 

You may also complete and submit the online version here.  Ne timeas!

Week of May 4th - 8th (continuing assignments from last week)

This week you will continue to work on your English Collects. 

You will finalize your word choices and determine what grammatical structures you will use in Latin to accurately convey the ideas you have expressed in English. 

You need to turn in your English Collect in final form, ready to translate into Latin, by no later than Friday, May 8th.  Your first drafts will be reviewed and returned to you with comments and further instructions.  These will be sent to your parents by email on Monday, May 4th.  We can discuss any questions you might have about them in our Zoom class Wednesday.

We will also look at some scary Latin forms in Lesson 46 this week, continuing your work with subjunctives in dependent clauses. 

Complete the Lesson Facts, Drill I, and the first 4 sentences of Drill II from the Lesson 46 workbook.  You may translate a sentence in Drill III for extra credit.

Paper copies of the workbook pages for Lesson 46 were placed in your mailboxes for pick-up on Monday, April 27th.

The digital version is available here for download and printing. 

You may also complete and submit the online version here.  Ne timeas!